MONTECRISTO: il Diploma Europeo

Visir Ven Set 12, 2008 10:33 am

Alla base della teoria che impedisce uno straccio di fruizione dell'isola si sente spesso citare il "Diploma Europeo" che lo impedirebbe senza alternative.
Ma cos'è 'sto Diploma? Grazie all'amico Marcello Camici, passiamo ad una presentazione ufficiale (se poi ci fosse qualche volontario che ha voglia di mettersi a tradurre.... Very Happy

):

CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS
Standing Committee - 27th meeting
Strasbourg, 26-29 November 2007
Integration of the European Diploma of Protected Areas
in the activities overseen by the Standing Committee of the Bern Convention
-------------------
The European Diploma of Protected Areas is a prestigious international award granted since 1965 by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to protected, natural and semi-natural areas and landscapes of special European importance for the preservation of biological, geological and landscape diversity.The Diploma is awarded to protected areas because of their outstanding scientific, cultural or aesthetic qualities, but they must also be the subject of a suitable conservation scheme. To date, 69 Diplomas have been awarded in 25 European countries. Applications for the European Diploma are sent to the Council of Europe by the governments of the member States and submitted to a group of specialists. Following an on-the-spot expert appraisal examining the characteristics and problems of the site in detail, the group of specialists decides whether to recommend that the Committee of Ministers should award the European Diploma to the area concerned. In most cases, the proposal to award the Diploma is accompanied by recommendations and, where appropriate, conditions to improve the management of the area or the system for protecting it.
The Diploma has a unique supervisory mechanism. An annual report has to be sent to the Council of Europe by the authorities responsible for the management of each award-winning site. The Diploma may be renewed at the end of the period of validity on the basis of a further on-the-spot appraisal and a new expert report aimed primarily at checking whether the requirements formulated when the Diploma was awarded have actually been fulfilled. In the event of a serious threat to an area or a substantial deterioration of the site, an exceptional appraisal may be conducted. The award of the European Diploma provides an invaluable stimulus for the efficient protection and management of landscapes, reserves or natural monuments and sites with special European significance. In the European Diploma, the authorities responsible for protected areas have, under Council of Europe auspices, an international instrument capable of helping them in their task of management and protection. The unique nature of the Diploma also lies in the fact that it is awarded for a limited duration; the threat that it may be withdrawn has a deterrent effect in respect of dangers liable to cause harm to the area and acts as a stimulus for the preservation and improvement of the site.

New facts
In December 2006, the Committee for the activities of the Council of Europe in the field of biological and landscape diversity was discontinued by decision of the Committee of Ministers following budgetary constraints. The Group of Specialists on the European Diploma proposed that the Standing Committee of the Bern Convention became the new responsible Committee to deal with the questions of the European Diploma of Protected Areas.
The Committee of Ministers examined the possibility to transfer to the Standing Committee the supervisory role of the European Diploma activities and decided to submit this matter to the Standing Committee for advice. The Bureau of the Bern Convention was favourable to see such new responsibilities in the framework of the Convention.
Possible Draft Decision of the Standing Committee of the Bern Convention
The Standing Committee of the Bern Convention, recognising the value of the European Diploma of Protected Areas for the preservation of European wildlife and natural habitats, is pleased to incorporate into its portfolio of activities the European Diploma and to forward to the Committee of Ministers proposals on awards, renewals and non-renewals, as stated in the Draft Resolution on the revised regulations of the European Diploma of Protected Areas.

ELENCO DELLE AREE PROTETTE INSIGNITE DEL DIPLOMA:
1. 1966 Hautes Fagnes Nature Reserve (Belgium)
2. 1966 Camargue National Reserve (France)
3. 1966 Peak District National Park (United Kingdom)
4. 1967 Krimml Falls Natural Site (Austria)
5. 1967 Lüneburg Heath Nature Reserve (Germany)
6. 1967 Muddus National Park (Sweden)
7. 1967 Sarek and Padjelanta National Park (Sweden)
8. 1967 Swiss National Park (Switzerland)
9. 1967 Abruzzi National Park (Italy)
10. 1968 Wollmatinger Ried-Untersee-Gnadensee Nature Reserve (Germany)
11. 1970 Boschplaat Nature Reserve (Netherlands)
12. 1971 Siebengebirghe Nature Reserve (Germany)
13. 1973 Germano-Luxembourg Nature Park (Germany/Luxembourg)
14. 1976 Vanoise National Park (France)
16. 1976 Kucenneti National Park (Turkey)
17. 1978 Weltenburger Enge Nature Reserve (Germany)
18. 1979 Cretan White Mountains National Park (Greece)
19. 1983 Minsmere Nature Reserve (United Kingdom)
20. 1983 Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve (United Kingdom)
21. 1984 Purbeck Heritage Coast (United Kingdom)
22. 1985 Fair Isle National Scenic Area (United Kingdom)
23. 1985 Scandola Nature Reserve (France)
24. 1985 Sasso Fratino Integral Nature Reserve (Italy)
25. 1985 Doñana National Park (Spain)
26. 1986 Bayerischer Wald National Park (Germany)
27. 1988 Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park (Spain)
28. 1988 Store Mosse National Park (Sweden)
29. 1988 Bullerö and Långvisskär Nature Reserves (Sweden)
30. 1988 Montecristo Island Nature Reserve (Italy)
31. 1989 Wurzacher Ried Nature Reserve (Germany)
32. 1989 Teide National Park (Spain)
33. 1990 Berchtesgaden National Park (Germany)
34. 1990 Ecrins National Park (France)
35. 1992 Maremma Nature Park (Italy)
36. 1992 Selvagens Islands Nature Réserve (Portugal)
37. 1993 Mercantour National Park (France)
38. 1993 Maritime Alps Nature Park (Italy)
39. 1994 Wachau Protected Landscape (Austria)
40. 1994 Oka National Biosphere Reserve (Russian Federation)
41. 1994 Teberda National Reserve (Russian Federation)
42. 1995 Ipolytarnóc Nature Conservation Area (Hungary)
43. 1995 Szénás Hills Protected Area (Hungary)
44. 1995 Berezinsky State Reserve (Bélarus)
45. 1995 Weerribben Nature Reserve (Netherlands)
46. 1996 Seitseminen National Park (Finland)
47. 1996 Ekenäs Archipelago National Park [Tammisaari] (Finland)
Parc national de l’archipel d’Ekenäs [Tammisaari] (Finland)
48. 1997 Belovezskaya Pushcha National Park (Bélarus)
49. 1997 Port Cros National Park (France)
50. 1997 Bialowieźa National Park (Poland)
51. 1997 Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (Ukraine)
52. 1998 Poloniny National Park [Východné Karpaty Protected Area] (Slovakia)
53. 1998 Bieszczady National park (Poland)
54. 1998 Dobročský National Nature Réserve (Slovakia)
55. 1998 Kostomuksha Strict Nature Reserve (Russian Federation)
56. 1998 Tsentralno-Chernozemny Biosphere Reserve (Russian Federation)
57. 1999 “De Oostvaardersplassen” Nature Réserve (Netherlands)
58. 2000 Karlštejn National Nature Reserve (Czech Republic)
59. 2000 Podyjí National Park (Czech Republic)
60. 2000 Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area/White Carpathians (Czech Republic)
61. 2000 Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (Romania)
62. 2003 Thayatal National Park (Austria)
63. 2003 Matsalu Nature Reserve (Estonia)
64. 2003 Tihany Peninsula (Hungary)
65. 2004 Triglav National Park (Slovenie)
66. 2004 Naardermeer Nature Reserve (Netherlands)
67. 2005 Migliarino, San Rossore, Massaciuccoli Regional Park (Italy)
68. 2006 Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy)
69. 2006 Piatra Craiului National Park (Romania)

Visir Ven Set 12, 2008 11:07 am

Lo stesso documento propone la seguente revisione, del 1998:

Revised rules proposed for the European Diploma of Protected Areas
(Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 18 September 1998 at the 641st meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies)

REGULATIONS

Article 1 - Purpose
1. The European Diploma of Protected Areas (the “Diploma”) may be awarded for adequately protected natural or semi-natural areas of exceptional European interest from the point of view of conservation of biological, geological or landscape diversity and managed in an exemplary way. It is awarded to them by virtue of their scientific, cultural or aesthetic interest if they have an appropriate protection system, perhaps also in conjunction with programmes of action for sustainable development. The Diploma represents an important contribution to the Pan-European Ecological Network.
2. The Diploma may be awarded to natural areas situated in European states which are not members of the Council of Europe, under the same conditions as those applying to member States.
3. In the case of transfrontier areas, a sole Diploma shall not be granted without the consent of all the States concerned.
4. The effect of the Diploma shall be to place the area under the sponsorship of the Council of Europe. The Diploma shall be awarded for a period of five years, and shall be renewable for successive 10 year periods.
5. The Diploma shall take the form of a document certifying the said sponsorship. It shall be signed by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, and shall bear the seal of the Council. It shall be presented to the authorities directly responsible for the management of the national area concerned.

Article 2 - Award of the Diploma
The Diploma shall be awarded by the Committee of Ministers on the proposal of the committee responsible for the activities of the Council of Europe in the field of biological and landscape diversity, hereafter called the “Committee”, in accordance with the procedure set out in the following Articles.

Article 3 - Application
1. The government of any European State wishing to apply for the award of the Diploma to an area within its territory shall submit to the Secretariat, in one of the two official languages of the Council of Europe, documents on the area in question, at least three months before the date of the meeting of the competent Council of Europe Group of Specialists (“Group of Specialists”) set up under the terms of Article 4.1 of these regulations. The choice of the applicant area compared with other possible applications in the country must be clearly justified with regard to the interest of the area, it’s representativity in relation to biological and landscape diversity in Europe and the exemplarity of the management.
2. In the case of a transfrontier area for which a sole Diploma is requested, such an application can only be submitted after approval by all the States concerned.
3. Any government simultaneously submitting several applications shall indicate an order of priority.
4. Any government submitting an application must prove that the area in question is of exceptional European interest. Accordingly, the documents should contain the necessary information to enable the Group of Specialists to ascertain whether the area complies with the relevant criteria established in Appendix 2 to these regulations.
5.a. All applications must meticulously follow the model of the questionnaire reproduced in Appendix 1 to these regulations and must include, in particular, cartographic documents as well as documents describing: the area concerned and its state of conservation; the various human or natural factors liable to have a negative effect on such state of conservation; measures taken to eliminate or minimise the effects of such factors; the system of legal protection applied to the area in question; and any administrative measures implemented.
b. Copies of the national laws and regulations and, where appropriate, regional and local acts governing the area concerned, and information on supervisory measures actually implemented on the spot must be included with the application. If these documents are drafted in a language other than one of the two official languages of the Council of Europe, a translation in one of the official languages of the essential passages of the laws and regulations governing the area must be provided.
c. The protection status of the applicant area must be assessed in a dynamic perspective. As far as the award is concerned, it is necessary to analyse whether the existing protection is sufficient against foreseeable dangers, at least throughout the period of the Diploma’s validity (at least five years): for its renewal, the reference period is 10 years. In both cases, the internal and external threats are taken into consideration.

Article 4 - Consideration of the application documents
1.a.Applications shall be examined by the Group of Specialists. The latter shall hold one meeting a year.It shall examine applications in the order in which full supporting documentation is deposited at the Secretariat. The Secretariat shall ensure that the documentation is complete before submitting it to the Group of Specialists and may, where appropriate, defer its submission pending receipt of additional information. b. Any government submitting one or more applications shall be invited to send a representative, at its own expense, to the appropriate meetings of the Group of Specialists so that he or she may give members all information required.
2. After examining the documentation and hearing the representative of the State concerned, the Group of Specialists shall first of all state whether it considers that the area in question is of exceptional European interest justifying the award of the Diploma. If the European interest has been sufficiently well established, the Group shall declare the application admissible and undertake an on-the-spot expert appraisal (subject to the approval of the government concerned) to enable it to confirm the European
interest, assess the efficacy of existing conservation measures as well as the aim of the objectives sought and obtain any additional information it may need to decide whether to award the Diploma.
3. The appraisal shall be assigned to an independent expert directly appointed by the Secretary General. He or she must not be a national of the country in which the assignment is carried out. In order to help the Secretary General choose the expert the national delegations of the Committee shall, if they so wish, send the Secretariat the names of experts qualified to carry out such appraisals, stating their specific qualifications and foreign language knowledge.
4. During his or her visit the expert shall be accompanied by a member of the Secretariat, who shall guarantee, inter alia, continuity in the assessment of the criteria for obtaining the Diploma.
5. Throughout the independent expert’s visit, one or more person(s) responsible for the area shall be placed at his or her disposal in order to facilitate the task. The expert will also meet officials from associations and local councillors interested in the area, and, as appropriate, media representatives.
6. Broadly speaking, the expert appraisal shall cover the aspects listed in Appendix 3 to these regulations and any other specific item mentioned by the Group of Experts during consideration of application. The Group of Specialists shall draw up specific terms of reference for each case, with which the expert will be required to comply.
7. Expenses incurred by the expert during his or her visit (travel, subsistence, etc.) shall be met by the Council of Europe so as to ensure that the appraisal is completely objective.
8. Generally, the on-the-spot appraisal shall take two days; if necessary, it may be extended. 9. The expert shall submit his or her written report to the Group of Specialists, drafted in one of the two official languages of the Council of Europe, and shall subsequently present it orally at one of the Group’s meetings.

Article 5 - Proposals of the Group of Specialists and conclusions of the Committee or its Bureau
1. The Group of Specialists shall hear the expert, take note of any observations from the representative of the state concerned, and then submit its conclusions, accompanied by the expert’s report, to the Committee or its Bureau. It may propose one of the following decisions:
a. that the Diploma be awarded immediately by the Committee of Ministers with or without conditions or recommendations;
b. that, subject to the approval of the Committee or its Bureau, the award of the Diploma be made conditional upon the adoption of additional measures;
c. that the application be deferred pending receipt of further information;
d. that the application be rejected, with reasons given.
2. No second chance can be given to the application between the meeting of the Group of Specialists and the meeting of the Committee or its Bureau. However, the Group of Specialists may make a favourable recommendation in specific cases, provided the government concerned can provide, before the meeting of the Committee, a favourable written response to a request from the Secretariat on a specific point raised by the Group.
3. In each case, the Committee or its Bureau shall inform the Committee of Ministers and the government concerned of the reasons for its conclusions, having regard to the observations made by the Group of Specialists. If it proposes awarding the Diploma it shall briefly set out the reasons for its decisions, referring notably to the European interest of the area in question and the efficacy of the conservation measures adopted.
4. If the proposal to award the Diploma is conditional on fulfilment of specific conditions or is accompanied by specific recommendations, it can only be granted if the State concerned undertakes during the meeting of the Committee or by any other means in the event of being prevented from attending (written procedure), to comply with such conditions and recommendations.

SEGUE.....

Visir Ven Set 12, 2008 11:10 am

...ARTICOLI SUCCESSIVI.....

Article 6 - Decision of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe,
and award of the Diploma
1. Decisions concerning the award of the European Diploma shall be taken by the Committee of Ministers by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast and a majority of the representatives entitled to sit on the Committee.
2. The decision of the Committee of Ministers and the reasons for the award of the Diploma shall be set out in a resolution and recorded in the certificate attesting the award of the Diploma. 3.a.The Diploma shall be presented to the authorities directly responsible for managing the area to which it has been awarded at a ceremony organised either at the Council of Europe or on the site, as soon as possible after the data of the award.
The following persons shall attend:
- the Chair of the Committee of Ministers (or his or her representative);
- the Secretary General (or his or her representative) or the Chair of the Committee (or his or her representative), who shall present the Diploma;
- the representative of the recipient (governmental or private) body;
- the members of the Committee or its Bureau who are nationals of the State concerned (or their representatives) and for States, which are not members of the Council of Europe, the members of the Council for the Strategy or its Bureau. b. The costs of the ceremony shall be borne by the host State, except those incurred by the representative of the Council of Europe or the Chairman of the Committee (or his or her representative), which shall be met by the Council of Europe.
c. A press release shall be issued at the time of the ceremony. The Council of Europe will publish appropriate materials to mark the occasion.
4. The authorities responsible for managing the areas awarded the Diploma use the logo, as it appears in Appendix 4 to these regulations. The logo is used on panels at the entrances to the areas, in information leaflets on them and in the visitor reception buildings. Regulations on the logo can be found in an illustrated leaflet available from the Secretariat of the Council of Europe. The reasons for the award of the Diploma as recorded in the Diploma itself must also appear on the said panels.

Article 7 - Annual reports
1. The authorities directly responsible for managing the area awarded the Diploma shall submit an annual report to the Committee or its Bureau. The report must be based on the model reproduced in Appendix 5 to these regulations. The report must be forwarded to the Secretariat in full by the central authorities of the state concerned, with any comments they may wish to make. It must, inter alia, state
what measures have been taken to comply with the conditions and/or recommendations mentioned when the Diploma was awarded or renewed. The first annual report must be submitted in one of the two official languages of the Council of Europe by 30 November of the year following that in which the Committee of Ministers awarded the Diploma. Every annual report reflects the previous period from 1 September to 31 August.
2. The Group of Specialists shall examine the annual reports and may submit an opinion or recommendations to the Committee or its Bureau, which shall be forwarded, through the Committee of Ministers and the central authorities of the state concerned, to the authorities responsible for managing the area awarded the Diploma. The Group may also identify some problems encountered in one European diploma site or common to several diploma areas and make proposals aimed at remedying them.
3. In the event of failure to comply with the foregoing provisions, the Secretary General may, via the governement concerned, invite the persons responsible for managing the Diploma-holding area to provide an adequate explanation.

Article 8 - Appraisal in the event of a serious threat or serious damage
1.a.Should there be a serious threat, serious damage to the area or serious difficulties in implementing the conditions attached to the award or renewal of the diploma, the Secretary General may appoint an independent expert to assess, in the company of a member of the Secretariat, whether there is in fact any real danger and to carry out a further appraisal in accordance with the conditions laid down in Article 5 of these regulations. The expert shall be accompanied by a member of the Secretariat.
b. The expert’s conclusions shall be examined by the Group of Specialists, which shall submit an opinion to the Committee or its Bureau. The government concerned shall be invited to send a representative to the Group at its own expense.
c. Should the danger prove real, the Committee or its Bureau may recommend that the Committee of Ministers request the responsible authorities to take appropriate protective measures within a reasonable time. Where such measures cannot be taken within a reasonable time, or where the damage is irremediable, the Committee or its Bureau shall decide whether or not to recommend to the Committee of Ministers that the Diploma be withdrawn before the end of the five-year period.
2. The decision as to whether to withdraw the Diploma shall be taken by the Committee of Ministers by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast and a majority of the representatives entitled to sit on the Committee. It shall be notified by means of a resolution, and the reasons for such a decision shall be transmitted to the government concerned and the authorities responsible for managing the area.

Article 9 - Extension of the period of validity of the Diploma
1. During the fifth year, unless the State concerned decides otherwise, the Committee or its Bureau shall consider extending the validity of the Diploma for a further 10 year period, in the light, in particular, of the annual reports.
2. To this end, the Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall appoint an independent expert to carry out a fresh appraisal, particular attention being paid to information provided every year in the annual reports. The new appraisal is aimed at taking stock of the state and development of the area, having regard to the conditions and/or recommendations formulated previously, and proposing, as appropriate, new measures for the coming period. The working conditions for this expert shall be the same as those laid down for the expert who carried out the appraisal for the award of the Diploma. The expert will be accompanied by a member of the Secretariat if renewal raises any particular problems; otherwise the visit shall be made by the expert alone.
3. The independent expert’s terms of reference shall be drawn up by the Group of Specialists. They shall take account, in particular, of the progress of action taken to comply with the conditions and/or recommendations in the resolution awarding the Diploma or the resolution renewing it on the previous occasion, and of the comments by the Group of Specialists and those set out in the annual reports.
4. The government concerned shall be invited to send a representative, at its own expense, to the meeting of the Group of Specialists, when the discussion on the renewal of the Diploma takes place.
5.a.After examining the expert’s report and the findings of the Group of Specialists, the Committee or its Bureau, will propose that the Committee of Ministers take one of the following options:
─ extending the period of validity of the Diploma;
─ not renewing the Diploma before certain conditions are met;
─ not extending the period of validity, which shall be tantamount to withdrawing the Diploma, in which case the Committee of Ministers shall inform the authorities directly responsible for the area concerned of the reasons for its decision, through the government.
b. If the Diploma is not renewed or its period of validity extended, the authorities responsible shall be requested to keep the Committee or its Bureau regularly informed of developments in the situation.
6. The decision concerning the renewal of the Diploma shall be taken by the Committee of Ministers by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast and a majority of the representatives entitled to sit on the Committee. It shall be the subject of a resolution.
7. After the first renewal, the Diploma will be then automatically renewed every 10 years, without any prior appraisal, except where there is an express request from the Government of the country concerned or in the case of a recognised threat to the area.
....................

Visir Ven Set 12, 2008 11:18 am

La parte più interessante del documento riporta i criteri per l'assegnazione del Diploma:

CRITERIA FOR THE AWARD OF THE EUROPEAN DIPLOMA OF PROTECTED AREAS
The criteria are in keeping with the various conservation objectives to be met by any protected area eligible for the European Diploma of Protected Areas, together with the protective measures needed for their achievement.
Having regard to the differing protection status of protected areas in Europe, it is necessary to refer to general criteria and specific criteria.

GENERAL CRITERIA
The following general criteria should be taken into consideration for every applicant area.
A. European interest
The applicant area must comprise representative elements of the biological, geological and/or landscape heritage which are of exceptional European importance (protection of the biological and/or landscape heritage ─ scientific, cultural, aesthetic and/or recreational qualities).
These should be, according to the area:
1. areas of particular importance for the conservation of biological diversity in Europe. They may comprise:
─ remarkable or threatened examples of plant or animal communities, as well as areas inhabited by a large number of species;
─ highly representative samples of types of habitats and plant or animal communities constituting typical examples of the various kinds of ecosystem in Europe;
─ habitats in a vulnerable state of conservation;
─ habitats of endemic species or species in an unfavourable state of conservation, particularly endangered species;
─ breeding grounds of animals protected under the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and resting and feeding areas for migratory species.
2. areas aimed at conserving remarkable natural phenomena or geological or physiographic formations characteristic of the earth’s history. These may include:
─ sites or complexes of major importance for the conservation of significant evidence of the earth’s history;
─ noteworthy palaeontological sites;
─ outstanding examples of geological, geomorphological, volcanic, hydrographic, physiographic or bio-geographical phenomena;
─ particularly grandiose or spectacular examples of protected natural features such as waterfalls, caves, rock formations, glacial cirques, glaciers.
3. areas of particular importance for the conservation of landscape diversity in Europe. They may comprise:
─ sites or landscapes of outstanding aesthetic or cultural value or of a spectacular nature;
─ complexes conserved as evidence of the history of the countryside or woodlands in Europe;
─ country or wooded areas which are cultivated using extensive methods and constitute typical examples of European landscapes.
B. Protection measures
The applicant area must:
1. have a legal protection status, by means of an act or decree of the competent authorities certifying that the area is adequately protected;
2. be taken into account in regional planning in order to prevent projects which run counter to the objectives of the area from being approved;
3. be the subject, if possible, of a zoning, which must indicate the objectives of each sub-division described; the boundaries between the applicant area and the surrounding area must be clearly marked on a plan or a geographical map, particularly where there are nearby protected areas with different objectives (as is often the case in a biosphere reserve); failing that, the uses of the land which are authorised should be clearly indicated;
4. be the subject of a planning and a management plan (finalised or in preparation), or at least a draft.
As management constitutes an important point in judging the application, the various aspects of management will need to be presented in detail and objectively assessed, principally with regard to those entailing more extensive subsequent development;
5. be assessed taking into account the impact that the surrounding area has or is likely to have on it;
6. have an organisation which provides guarantees concerning staff and financial resources. The latter must be sufficient to ensure a management that meets the objectives of the protection area. A staff organisation chart applicable at the time of lodging the application, and a presentation of the budget for the two previous years, will constitute useful information for evaluating the form of management of the applicant area.

SPECIFIC CRITERIA
The specific criteria serve to explain why the area concerned has been given protected status. One of the two groups of specific criteria should be taken into consideration.
I. The essential goal of the protected area is to preserve biological and landscape diversity and ecosystems.
The applicant area which meets this goal must also meet the following specific criteria:
1. existence of strict regulations on any artificial change in the environment or any biological and geological depredation (hunting, fishing, picking, cutting or uprooting), with certain possible exceptions for justifiable scientific purposes aimed at controlling or maintaining certain species and/or environments;
2. absence of permanent human occupation and of economic activities such as agriculture, forestry, mining, industry and tourism (no development). Certain traditional activities may be authorised for the sole purpose of maintaining the environment. Certain obligations, previous to the award of the diploma, can be allowed to continue provided they are localised and controlled and do not interfere with maintaining the biological and landscape diversity of the area. An attempt should be made to minimise or even eliminate them;
3. guarantees that the existing human activities and installations in the surrounding area cannot damage the physical and biological integrity of the protected area;
4. supervision, arrangements for patrolling by wardens or any other means with the possibility of enforcement, such as the power to report offenders;
5. no access for the public unless specially authorised and in any case regulated and / or channelled in a manner appropriate to the habitats;
6. presentation, in keeping with the ecological interest of the area, of research and monitoring programmes.
II. The objective of the protected area is to preserve biological and landscape diversity, together with harmonious and sustainable development of socio-economic and educational functions.
The applicant area which meets this objective must also meet the following specific criteria:
1. the type of use of the land must be clearly indicated, especially where agriculture, forestry, tourism, leisure activities, buildings and infrastructures as well as the respective owners;
2. permanent human occupation and socio-economic activities must be conceived in such a way as to uphold the principles of sustainable development; they must not damage the integrity of the natural and cultural values of the protected area;
3. hunting and fishing may be tolerated providing that it is subject to a strict regulation to avoid weakening the animal population;
4. there must be adequate supervision, and even the possibility of enforcement, in order to prevent damage to areas that enjoy specific protection;
5. public access must be authorised and regulated; in certain cases it may be unrestricted. Provision must always be made for reception centres and educational facilities in order to channel the public and thereby avoid damage.

TERMS OF REFERENCE OF EXPERTS CARRYING OUT ON-THE-SPOT APPRAISALS
Experts mandated to carry out on-the-spot appraisals of applicant areas shall, in particular, examine the following matters:
A. European interest (to be confirmed)
B. Merits and protection system
a. The body responsible for administration and management of the area, particularly its attributions, powers, budget and human resources.
b. The effectiveness of existing protective regulations vis-à-vis internal and external threats, particularly those originating in surrounding areas; effects of agriculture, industry, tourism, hunting, fishing, urban development, road building, air traffic, military manoeuvres, etc.; possible need for supplementary protective measures. The existence of appropriate tools to address the new challenges (climatic changes, invasive exotic species, return of large carnivores..)
c. Zoning.
d. Ownership title (effects of possible expropriation).
e. Land-use plans, in so far as these affect the area in question.
f. Development work launched, under way, or to be launched.
g. The management plan for the area.
h. Awareness / Information / Education
i The manner of public access and reception facilities and infrastructures, if any, especially for disabled people.
j. Waste management.
k. Use of renewable energy systems.
l. Any scientific studies needed and activities of research bodies.
m. Ecological connectivity with other areas.
n. Co-ordination with the other forms of recognition awarded to the area or certification of protected areas.
o. Possible membership of other international networks.
p. Relationship between the body responsible for the area, local elected representatives, officials in the socio-economic sphere and associations.
q. Partnership with public and private parties.

MONTECRISTO: il Diploma Europeo Diploma

Visir Ven Set 12, 2008 11:41 am

Ricevo, oggi, e sempre da Marcello Camici, questa mail:

"ti invio le raccomandazioni espresse dal comitato dei ministri del Consiglio d'Europa a partire dal 1993 fino al 2008,scelte da me come tra le più significative, raccomandazioni prodotte in occasione del rinnovo del Diploma Europeo per una gestione attenta e migliore della riserva biogenetica di Montecristo. Sono state esposte durante la recente mostra fotografica dell' Associazione Amici di Montecristo a Campo nell'agosto us. (....)
La lettura attenta e ragionata di queste raccomandazioni fa capire e conoscere molto su Montecristo, per questo ti invito a pubblicarle sul sito laltroparco."

Le pubblico con grande piacere, rinnovando a Marcello e a tutti i soci dell'Associazione Amici di Montecristo l'invito a raggiungerci nel Forum!! Very Happy

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DIPLOMA EUROPEO

RACCOMANDAZIONI PRODOTTE DAL 1993 AL 2008 DAL CONSIGLIO D’EUROPA PER LA GESTIONE DELLA RISERVA BIOGENETICA DI MONTECRISTO

A) non autorizzazione a tours guidati oltre a quelli presenti che sono da Cala Maestra al Belvedere,alla Grotta del Santo e al Convento; il numero dei visitatori deve essere limitato al numero compatibile con la stretta protezione degli assetti biologici e culturali dell’isola.
(racc. n.6 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del Consiglio d’Europa del 1993 n. 17, ribadita nella racc. n.6 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 1998 n. 21 )

B) non rivedere il numero di 1000 visitatori all’anno per tutto il tempo che un sistema di sorveglianza remota non è in luogo, il porto di difesa non è riparato, un adeguato numero di competente staff non è stato designato a vigilare sui visitatori e un preciso piano di zonizzazione non è stato proposto
(racc. n.3 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2003 n.13)

C) continuare ad applicare la quota di 1000 visitatori/anno raccomandata quando fu assegnato il Diploma Europeo e prosegui la fattibilità di studio di porre in atto un sistema di sorveglianza remoto;mantenere la disposizione di vigilare gruppi di visitatori
(racc. n.6 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n.16)

D) esperimento sulla terraferma con lo scopo di identificare i mezzi adatti a combattere l’espansione dell’ailanto (tagliando ed uccidendo le radici usando agente chimico adatto non pericoloso per l’ambiente) e continuare ad eradicarlo sull’isola
(racc. n.9 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2003 n.13)

E) redigere mappa della vegetazione,25 anni dopo la prima volta,per valutare l’impatto dello stato di riserva sulla biogenesi,ogni danno causato dalla tempesta del 1992 e l’estensione dell’ailanto
(racc. n.8 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2003 n.13)

F) in cooperazione col parco nazionale dell’arcipelago toscano finalizzare ed implementare il Territorial Information System (TIS) per progettare la gestione delle iniziative
(racc. n.1 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n.16)

G) sotto il TIS,mappare i tipi di vegetazione presente nella riserva,e in particolare quantificare la distribuzione dell’ailanto
(racc. n.2 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n.16)

H) limitare l’espansione dell’ailanto attraverso sistemi selettivi ed esplorare la possibilità di eradicarlo dall’isola
(racc. n.3 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n.16)

I) ricostruire barriere protettive attorno ai tronchi di quercia e rigenerare la popolazione,rapidamente compilare una mappa di aree propizie per impiantare 300 giovani quercie in colonia e procedere con il reimpianto al più presto possibile
(racc. n.10 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2003 n.13)

L) perseguire gli sforzi per rigenerare la popolazione degli alberi di leccio monitorando e conducendo regolari controlli sul loro sviluppo
(racc. n.4 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n.16)

M) determinare,attraverso analisi genetiche, il vero stato dei vertebrati dell’isola
(racc. n.12 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2003 n.13)

N) determinare la dimensione dell’ibridizzazione della capra e cercare di isolare il fenotipo originale con lo scopo ultimo di ricostituire una popolazione nella protezione con il vero stato biogenetico della riserva
(racc. n.13 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2003 n.13)

O) continuare ad estendere gli inventari di fauna e flora(dati georeferenziati),valutando il tasso di enedemicità.
(racc. n.11 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2003 n. 13)

P) mantenere la popolazione delle capre ai suoi correnti livelli e prendere provvedimenti per proteggere gli altri componenti dell’ecosistema che sono sotto particolare minaccia da parte della popolazione di capre
(racc. n.5 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n.16)

Q) acquisire una più profonda conoscenza della flora e della fauna
(racc. n.8 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n.16)

R) proseguire la discussione e le investigazioni con la visione di rimpiazzare il generatore diesel ed usare fonti di energia rinnovabile sull’isola
(racc. n. 7 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n. 16)

S) misura periodica del livello dell’acqua nella Grotta del Santo che sembra essere un utile indicatore dello stato di risorse d’acqua dell’isola
(racc. n. 7 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2003 n. 13)

T) informare il segretariato dei progressi fatti in securing approval del piano di amministrazione da parte della autorità regionali toscane.
(racc. n.9 della risoluzione del comitato dei ministri del CDE del 2008 n.16)

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